Friday, February 21, 2014
UNIT 1 GrammarPresent simple, present continuous, stative verbs
Present simple (Hozirgi oddiy zamon)
The present simple tense in English is used to describe an action that
is regular and repeated, true or normal. (Present Simple har doim yuz berib turadigan takroriy ish
harakatlarni, umumiy va har zamonda
to’g’ri bo’lgan faktlarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladi.
Form (yasalishi)
Action verbs
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Statement
(bo’lishli)
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Explanation
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play – o’ynamoq
work - ishlamoq
speak - gapirmoq
write - yozmoq
read – o’qimoq
watch – tomosha qilmoq
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I play tennis every day.
You work hard.
He/she/it watches TV every day.
We read a lot of books.
They speak in English.
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Present
simple da III shaxs birlikda fe’llarga –e, -es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi. He
works hard.
HAVE va BE
fe’llarining III shaxs birlik shakli quyidagicha bo’ladi: have - has; be – is
She
has an interesting book. It is a good bag.
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Negative (inkor)
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Explanation
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I do not (don’t) play tennis every day.
You do not (don’t) work hard.
He/she/it does not (doesn’t) watch TV every day.
We do not (don’t) read a lot of books.
They do not (don’t) speak in English.
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Present
Simple da inkor gaplarni do not va
does not fe’l shakllarini ega
bilan kesimning o’rtsiga yozish bilan yasaymiz.
Do not = don’t;
does not = doesn’t
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Question (savol)
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Explanation
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Do I play tennis every day?
Do you work hard?
Does he/she/it work hard?
Do we read a lot of books?
Do they speak in English?
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Present
Simple da umumiy so’roq gaplarni yasash uchun gap egasidan oldin do yoki does yordamchi fe’llarini yozamiz va gapning oxiriga so’roq
belgisini qo’yamiz.
Do
we speak English? Does he play football?
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Use (qo’llanilishi)
v
Repeated
or regular actions (odatiy ish harakatlar):
Anvar goes to school every day – Anvar har
kuni maktabga boradi.
The train to Samarkhand leaves every 6
hours. – Poezd Samarqandga har 6 soatda jo’naydi.
v
General truths (har zamonda to’g’ri bo’lgan
fakt):
The Earth is round- Yer dumaloq. It rains a lot in winter – Qishda bu yerda
ko’p yomg’ir yog’adi.
v
Facts (faktlarni ifodalash):
I like an apple – Men olmani
yoqtiraman. A cow has four legs –
Sigirning to’rtta oyog’I bor.
Frequency adverbs and phrases (Payt ravishlari va frazalar)
Payt
ravishlarining gapdagi o’rni asosan ega va kesimning o’rtasidadir. Ammo, ba’zilari
gapning boshida ham oxirida ham kelishi mumkin.
Adverbs
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Examples
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Always – har doim
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I always
go to school – Men har doim maktabga boraman.
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Usually - odatda
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Tim
usually gets up at 7 o’clock – Tim odatda soat 7 da turadi.
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Often – ko’pincha, tez- tez
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My father
often goes to the cinema – Mening otam tez – tez kinoteatrga borib turadi.
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Sometimes – ba’zan
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Our
English teacher sometimes drinks coffee – Bizning ingliz tili ustozimiz
ba’zan kofe ichib turadi. Sometimes they go outside – Ba’zan ular tashqariga
chiqishardi.
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Seldom/rarely – kamdan kam hollarda
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I rarely
use computer at home – Men kamdan – kam hollarda uyda kompyuter ishlataman.
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Never – hech qachon
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He never
eats Chinese food – U hech qachon Xitoy taomlarini emegan.
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Shuningdek,
gapda to be fe’li ishtirok etib
kelsa payt ravishlari undan keyin yoziladi:
He is
always on time – U har doim hoziru-nozir.
Phrases
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Examples
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every Monday/week/year – har
dushanbada/haftada/yilda
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Every Monday morning, in Professor Hotchkiss's rooms on the ninth
floor, we have Conference – Har dushanba tongda, 9 – qavatdagi professor
Xochkisning xonasida konferensiyada ishtirok etardik.
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each day/month – har kuni/oyda
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In addition, almost 300 students receive assistance each month – Qo’shimcha tarzda, har
oy 300 ga yaqin talaba yordam oladi.
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once/twice a week/a day/a month –
haftasiga/kuniga/oyiga bir/ikki marta
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John comes once a
week with it – Jon haftada bir marta u bilan birga keladi.
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four /three times a week/ a month –
haftasiga/oyiga to’rt /uch marotaba
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Take a little three
times a day – Kuniga uch mahal ozroqdan oling.
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A.
Complete using the correct present simple form of the
verbs in brackets.
1. Her
friend…………………..(like) a banana.
2. Susan
and Alisher …………………(study) the law at university.
3.
Water ………………….(boil) at 100°C at one atmosphere pressure.
4.
I …………………………(get
up) at eight every morning.
5. They ………..(clean) the machines, …………(have) breakfast and ………..(get
ready) to go home.
- Make sentences using these adverbs:
always, usually, often,
sometimes, seldom, rarely, never
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1.
this I/ teach/
do/ new/ knitters/ to/
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.
I / out/clean/wedding/
them/ of/ the /church/ after/ the
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.
the
birds /And/ morning / they/ listen/ to / in the
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.
transparencies
/He/ uses/ overhead
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.
He/ night/
drives/ at.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.
television /watches /She/
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
