Singular nouns

English nouns can be singular or plural.
When you are talking about just one thing or person, use a singular form of nouns.
For example:

a tent	a park	an idea
a taxi	a doctor	an oven
a house	a lady	an exercise

  Plural nouns

Use a plural noun when you are talking about more than one people, places, things and etc. By adding just -s we make most nouns plural. Study the following table:

Singular	Plural
a chair	chairs
a computer	computers
a train	trains
a player	players
a teacher	teachers
a mountain	mountains
a river	rivers
an envelope	envelopes
an insect	insects
an oven	ovens
an uncle	uncles

  Nouns that end in -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x, are made  plural by adding -es.

Singular	Plural
a bus	buses
a glass	glasses
a dress	dresses
a branch	branches
a church	churches
a beach	beaches
a sandwich	sandwiches
a witch	witches
a box	boxes
a fox	foxes

Most nouns that end in -y are made plural by changing the y  to i  and adding -es

Singular	plural
a baby	babies
a family	families
a story	stories
a teddy	teddies
a puppy	puppies
a library	libraries
a city	cities
a party	parties

There are several nouns that have a vowel before the y. In this case you may simply add -s at the end.

Singular	Plural
a key	keys
a monkey	monkeys
a donkey	donkeys
a toy	toys
a boy	boys

The nouns that end in f are made plural by adding -ves.

Singular	Plural
half	halves
leaf	leaves
shelf	shelves
wolf	wolves
thief	thieves

English language has some nouns that end in f are made plural simply adding -s not -ves. For example, the noun chief ends in f, but you shouldn't add -ves at the end. Just add -s. Another example is the word cliff (cliffs). Most nouns that end in fe are made plural by changing the f to v and adding -s.

Singular	Plural
knife	knives
wife	wives
life	lives