Present Simple
(Hozirgi noaniq zamon)
1.1 Present simple fe’l shaklini yasalishi
Birlik (Singular)
1. I read newspaper every day.
2.
You always watch the same TV
programm.
3. He never
drinks coffee. She goes to the hospital every evening. It shines in the morning.
Ko’plik (Plural)
1. We run every morning.
2.
You work for this company.
3. They write letters on Mondays.
Yuqoridagi gaplarda hozirgi oddiy zamon fe’lning
hozirgi zamondagi shakli va vaqt ravishlari bilan bilan ifodalangan. Demak:
a) Fe’lning hozirgi zamondagi shakli - we
run, you work, they write;
b) Hozirgi zamonni ko’rsatib keluvchi ravishlar - every day, every morning,
always, on Mondays;
III – shaxs birlikda fe’llarga –s, -es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi. (he drinks, Anna comes, she lives, Helen goes)
My
dad works in Brazil. John fixes his bicycle.
Umumiy so’roq gaplarni yasashda do/does yordamchi fe’llaridan foydalanamiz:
I work in Saudi
Arabia – Do I work in Saudi Arabia?
He lives in the
French Alps near the Swiss border – Does
he live in the French Alps near the Swiss border?
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Yordamchi fe’l
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Ega
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Asosiy fe’l
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Boshqa so’zlar
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Do
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you
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like
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her new dress?
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Does
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he
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come
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here again?
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Do
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I
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go
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to school?
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Maxsus
so’roq gaplarni tuzishda quyidagi tartibga amal qilinadi:
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So’roq olmoshlari
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Yordamchi fe’l
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Ega
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Asosiy fe’l
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Boshqa so’zlar
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What
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do
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you
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do
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every morning?
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Where
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does
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he
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go
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on Mondays?
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How
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do
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they
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get
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to school?
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When
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does
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Ann
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finish
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his work?
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Why
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does
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my brother
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come
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here?
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what language
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do
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you
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speak?
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Inkor
gaplar do not (don’t), does not (doesn’t) so’zlari yordamida
yasaladi:
I don’t want to be a chempion!
Edward doesn’t want to read this book, because it is not interesting.
We don’t reply him.
My dad and I don’t like dancing.
His dog doesn’t understand his instructions.
To be fe’lini hozirgi
zamonda uch ko’rinishi mavjud. Ularga: am/is/are
lar kiradi.
They are talkative boys.
I am a student and I don’t want to miss my everyday lectures.
He is afraid of spiders.
To
have fe’li hozirgi zamon III-shaxs
birlikda has ga aylanadi.
She has teaching abilities.
1.2 Present Simple zamonini qo’llanilishi
a) doimiy, bir xil vaziyatni
ko’rsatmoqchi bo’lsak:
What
do animals eat?
My
elder brother works for Duggan and Company.
I enjoy my own company.
b) harakatni
takrorlanib turishini ko’rsatmoqchi bo’lsak:
They cheat each other every day.
I always buy a new pack of cards for my
boss.
Sometimes we take food with us and
sometimes we buy food when we're there.
c)
kelasi
zamonni anglatib keladigan, lekin hozirgi oddiy zamon fe’l shaklini oladigan
jadval ko’rinishidagi ma’lumotlar:
My train arrives at 11:00.
Our English course starts on Friday.
George starts his job tomorrow.
d)
tabiat
hodisalari haqida gapirmoqchi bo’lsak:
The Earth goes round the Sun.
Near
the equator, the sun evaporates greater quantities of water.
A
molecule of water has two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen.
A
chemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell.
e)
kitoblarga, kinolarga va spektakllarga taqrizlar
yozsak:
In the movie, he plays
a concerned and sensitive father trying to bring up two teenage children on his
own.
The first chapter describes
the strange sequence of events that lead to his death.
f) sport o’yinlari sharhlovchilari o’yin mahali yuz berayotgan harakatlarni
hozirgi oddiy zamonda sharhlaydilar:
Glennon turns, shoots, scores!
g) ergash gaplar fe’l zamonini present simple bilan ifodalaymiz:
When I go shopping, I will buy some food.
If he comes, we can begin diving.
h) I-shaxsdagi Performative (tasvirlanayotgan harakatni bir vaqtning o’zida
bajarish)fe’llari har doim present simple da keladi:
This, I admit, was my favourite activity.
Masalan, ‘I run – Men yuguraman’ gapida
harakatning nomi aytilayapti, lekin o’zi suhbat vaqtida bajarilmayapti. “I promise, I won’t tell him – Men va’da
beraman, unga churq etmayman” gapida esa ‘promise’ fe’li tasvirlab kelayotgan
ish harakat bevosita bajarilmoqda.
Performative
fe’llarga quyidagi fe’llar kiradi:
I acknowledge - Men tan olaman,…
I advise – Men maslahat beraman,…
I beg – Men yolvoraman,…
I confess – Men tan olaman,…
I congratulate – Men tabriklayman,…
I declare – Men e’lon qilaman,…
I deny – Men inkor etaman,…
I forbid – Men man qilaman,…
I guarantee – Men kafolat beraman,…
I name – Men tayinlayman,…
I order – Men buyuraman,…
I promise – Men va’da beraman,…
I refuse – Men rad etaman,…
I request – Men talab qilaman,…
I thank – Men minnatdorchilik bildiraman,…
I warn – Men ogohlantiraman,…
i)
ko’rsatma va namoyishlarda:
How
do I open this box? - First you get
the key from this box, then you unlock it.
1.3 Vaqt ravishlari hozirgi oddiy zamonda
Hozirgi zamon vaqt ravishlari doimiy
haqiqat hisoblangan gaplarning ma’nosini yanada kuchaytirib kelishi yoki
kuchsizlantirib kelishi mumkin.
Normally, I plan one or two days ahead.
The children
usually stay with their grandparents for a week in the summer. Traditionally, the Japanese
prefer good quality clothes.
Boshqa shunga o’xshash ravishlar: always, generally, mainly, normally, often, traditionally, usually.
Takrorlanib keluvchi ish - harakatlarni
esa every + day/week/month/term/year,
weekly, once every six months, seldom, never, often, sometimes kabi ravishlar
bilan ifodalaymiz.
The Browns
celebrate it weekly.
Members all
receive a free newsletter once every six months.
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